Updating the ESP partitions as you suggest gives a similar error

+ sgdisk --align-end --new=2:1M:500M --change-name=2:disk-one-ESP --typecode=2:EF00 /dev/nvme0n1
Could not create partition 2 from 2048 to 1024000

In reply to @lillecarl:matrix.org
If you revert the changes, does the device appear as /dev/md127 after disko fails?

In reply to @lillecarl:matrix.org
If you revert the changes, does the device appear as /dev/md127 after disko fails?

It appears as /dev/md/raid1. By the way, the /boot array is starting fine:

+ mdadm --create /dev/md/boot --level=1 --raid-devices=2 --metadata=1.0 --force --homehost=any /dev/disk/by-partlabel/disk-one-ESP /dev/disk/by-partlabel/disk-two-ESP
mdadm: array /dev/md/boot started.
+ partprobe /dev/md/boot
+ udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=block
+ udevadm settle
+ sgdisk --zap-all /dev/md/boot

waltmck: https://github.com/Lillecarl/nixos/blob/master/hosts/shitbox/disko.nix You can compare with mine. I don't raid my bootloader though, I mirror with grub. Don't use my thing as a reference for "this is right".

What happens if you run the erroring command (as root) yourself?

In reply to @lillecarl:matrix.org

waltmck: https://github.com/Lillecarl/nixos/blob/master/hosts/shitbox/disko.nix You can compare with mine. I don't raid my bootloader though, I mirror with grub. Don't use my thing as a reference for "this is right".

What happens if you run the erroring command (as root) yourself?

waltmck: ```bash
lsblk && findmnt

waltmck:

lsblk && findmnt

In reply to @lillecarl:matrix.org

waltmck:

lsblk && findmnt

NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINTS
loop0         7:0    0 304.5M  0 loop  /nix/.ro-store
nvme0n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:3    0     1M  0 part
├─nvme0n1p2 259:4    0   500M  0 part
│ └─md127     9:127  0 499.9M  0 raid1
└─nvme0n1p3 259:7    0 476.4G  0 part
  └─md126     9:126  0 476.3G  0 raid1
nvme1n1     259:1    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme1n1p1 259:2    0     1M  0 part
├─nvme1n1p2 259:8    0   500M  0 part
│ └─md127     9:127  0 499.9M  0 raid1
└─nvme1n1p3 259:10   0 476.4G  0 part
  └─md126     9:126  0 476.3G  0 raid1
TARGET                SOURCE  FSTYPE  OPTIONS
/                     tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,relatime,mode=755
├─/dev                devtmpfs
│                             devtmpf rw,nosuid,size=3282888k,nr_inodes=8164266,m
│ ├─/dev/pts          devpts  devpts  rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=3,mode=620,pt
│ ├─/dev/shm          tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,size=32828852k
│ ├─/dev/mqueue       mqueue  mqueue  rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ └─/dev/hugepages    hugetlbfs
│                             hugetlb rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,pagesize=2M
├─/proc               proc    proc    rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
├─/run                tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,size=16414428k,mode=755
│ ├─/run/keys         ramfs   ramfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,mode=750
│ ├─/run/wrappers     tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,nodev,relatime,size=32828852k,mode=755
│ ├─/run/user/1000    tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=6565768k,nr_i
│ └─/run/user/0       tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=6565768k,nr_i
├─/sys                sysfs   sysfs   rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/kernel/security
│ │                   securityfs
│ │                           securit rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/cgroup    cgroup2 cgroup2 rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate,
│ ├─/sys/fs/pstore    pstore  pstore  rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/firmware/efi/efivars
│ │                   efivarfs
│ │                           efivarf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/bpf       bpf     bpf     rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700
│ ├─/sys/kernel/config
│ │                   configfs
│ │                           configf rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ ├─/sys/fs/fuse/connections
│ │                   fusectl fusectl rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
│ └─/sys/kernel/debug debugfs debugfs rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime
├─/nix/.ro-store      /dev/loop0
│                             squashf ro,relatime,errors=continue
├─/nix/.rw-store      tmpfs   tmpfs   rw,relatime,mode=755
└─/nix/store          overlay overlay rw,relatime,lowerdir=/mnt-root/nix/.ro-stor
  └─/nix/store        overlay overlay ro,relatime,lowerdir=/mnt-root/nix/.ro-stor

In reply to @lassulus:lassul.us
Invalid argument during seek for read on /dev/md/raid1 seems like a corrupt partition table. can you try printing it with fdisk -l or parted -l?

fdisk -l gives

GPT PMBR size mismatch (1997844479 != 998922239) will be corrected by write.
Disk /dev/md/raid1: 476.32 GiB, 511448186880 bytes, 998922240 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device          Boot Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/md/raid1p1          1 998922239 998922239 476.3G ee GPT